核查令人不安的谣言
谣言从哪里来，哪些是真的，哪些不是。每个事实都链接到来源。
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is Brazil becoming communist after Lula's new election win?
错误结论政治There are no signs that Brazil is moving toward communism. One of the scary claims is true: the day after the election Brazil's stock market fell almost 14% and the dollar rose 8%, because investors had bet on the rival and fear higher government spending. The rest does not hold up: Lula never called himself a communist, observers and fact-checkers found no sign of election fraud, and no savings confiscation is being prepared. The opposition right-wing party has the largest groups in Congress, and the central bank is independent of the president by law.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that hackers are deliberately spoiling food in European supermarkets and a shortage is coming?
错误结论威胁与紧急情况The attacks are real: on the night of October 12, hackers raised the temperature in fridges at hundreds of stores in France, and on the night of November 2, at around a hundred more stores in at least 9 European countries. Food had to be thrown away, with losses in the millions of euros. But there is no shortage: the EU agriculture commissioner said EU food security is "not currently at risk." Donated plasma in France was not spoiled — staff caught the problem in time. On November 9, France officially blamed the October attack on a hacking unit of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC); who is behind the November wave in other countries has not been officially established.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Are the viral photos and videos from Europe's youth protests real?
虚假政治The most viral images of this wave are fakes: made by AI, edited from old photos, or taken from a clip more than a year old. The letter about "€50 per protester" is invented; the agency that supposedly sent it does not exist. The protests themselves are real: on 17 October in France and 31 October in Germany there were both peaceful marches and looting of shops, but on a smaller scale and not where the fakes claim.
对结论的把握：中等（4 格中的 2 格）Is it true that Leningrad Oblast officials told residents to flee and imposed a monthly “levy”?
虚假威胁与紧急情况This is a hoax. On 9 November the Leningrad Oblast government called both items fake: the levy decree was “neither signed nor prepared”, and no appeal to leave was ever made. Besides, a governor cannot impose a levy on residents by decree: under Russia's Tax Code, taxes and levies not listed in it cannot be introduced. Only one thing is real: the region really was attacked by drones on the night of 9 November.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that a "digital apocalypse" on November 17 will wipe bank accounts and shut down the internet?
虚假网络与通信The rumor started with an anonymous post on October 31 and picked up new details with each retelling. The only real event on November 17 is a one-minute test of the US emergency alert system on radio and TV. It does not affect the internet or banks.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Are planes and train stations in Europe being rigged with bombs, and who is behind it?
错误结论威胁与紧急情况The wave of threats is real: from 3 to 5 November more than 30 flights received anonymous emails about "bombs"; planes were diverted and some were escorted by fighter jets. But no explosives were found on any aircraft — these are hoax threats, not planted bombs. There is no wave of threats against train stations: the only recent case was in Lublin, Poland, in October, and nothing was found there either. On 6 November TV channels in Ireland, the UK and Bulgaria received the same kind of hoax emails — again, no bombs were found. Who sends the emails is unknown: the signatures of the "Male State", "Mikhail Andropov" and Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps are unverified, and no one has officially named a culprit. On 7 November the Paris prosecutor's office opened an investigation: it is looking for the senders and checking for a possible link to foreign powers — a line of inquiry, not a finding.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）银行冻结账户、必须马上取钱，是真的吗？
错误结论金钱巴拉圭的Ueno银行确实被关停，300万客户暂时无法动用资金。但这只是一家银行，存款有保险；其他巴拉圭银行将被关停的传言，已被央行和银行协会否认。在法国，黑客偷走的是Arkéa银行自己的钱，不是客户的钱。在日本，128家银行因技术故障停摆了几个小时，并非冻结。没有迹象表明欧洲会冻结账户。
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that Meta AI reads all your WhatsApp chats unless you turn on “Advanced Chat Privacy”?
虚假网络与通信Meta AI does not get access to all chats on any date. It only sees messages where someone tagged @Meta AI or that were forwarded to it, and chats themselves remain protected by end-to-end encryption (only participants can read them). “Advanced Chat Privacy” has existed since April 2025, but it protects you from other participants, not from a “hidden” AI: they can't export the chat, auto-save media or send messages from that chat to the AI.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that scientists have named the date of the end of the world: November 13, 2026?
错误结论科学与预言The 1960 paper is real, but it did not predict the end of the world. It is a calculation: if population kept growing as it had for the 2,000 years before 1960, it would reach infinity by November 13, 2026. Since the early 1990s growth has fallen behind the formula, and there are about 8.3 billion people today, not hundreds of billions. The date was chosen partly as a joke: it is the birthday of the lead author.
对结论的把握：非常高（4 格中的 4 格）Is it true that 17 (or 33) countries and the EU told people to stock up on food and water before a disaster?
错误结论威胁与紧急情况Many countries really do advise keeping 3 to 10 days of food and water at home. But it is not one secret joint signal: the programs launched in different years for different reasons, and many have been in place for a long time. No country tied them to November 17; the only thing scheduled for that date is a one-minute test of the US emergency alert system.
对结论的把握：非常高（4 格中的 4 格）Is that “unpaid delivery” text before Black Friday a scam?
属实金钱Yes, an unexpected text about an “unpaid” or “failed” delivery with a link is, as a rule, a scam. The link leads to a fake postal website that uses a tiny fee as cover to collect your card and personal details. In the US this was the most common type of scam text in 2024, and postal services state plainly that they do not ask for card details by text.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Was the Nov. 1 Florida Learjet crash staged, a missile, or an attempt on Trump?
虚假威胁与紧急情况Fake. The crash was real: on November 1, 2026, a Learjet 60 flying from Texas to the Bahamas went down on a road in Greenacres (Palm Beach County, Florida), killing all nine people aboard. Witnesses and dashcams filmed it, and there is flight data and pilot audio. Investigators point to icing and severe turbulence, and say the jet began breaking up in the air. No missile, no faked footage and no sign of an attempt on Trump were found; the exact cause will be named later.
对结论的把握：中等（4 格中的 2 格）Is it true that users lost their money after the $6.3 billion Binance hack?
错误结论金钱The hack is real: around October 29, hackers took about $6.3 billion in crypto from Binance, and the FBI linked the theft to North Korean hackers. But the exchange said it would cover the losses with its own money, not customers' funds, and since November 1 it has been paying out again: on the first day customers withdrew about $4.6 billion. There are no signs of bankruptcy. The real risk now is scammers who promise "compensation" or "fast-track withdrawals" for a fee.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that Britain is preparing for a total blackout under a 'Black Sky' plan?
错误结论威胁与紧急情况The plan is real, but the conclusion "Britain is preparing for a total blackout" is wrong. "Black Sky" is the British name for the worst case: power lost across the whole country at once. The government, the grid operator and the BBC are required to plan for it; on 7 November the BBC explained how it would keep broadcasting on FM radio. Officials stress there is no specific threat, and the advice to keep three days of supplies at home is part of a campaign to prepare for any emergency: floods, storms, cyber attacks.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that OpenAI released GPT-6 Cyber, an "AI hacker" that writes exploits?
属实网络与通信Mostly true. On November 5, 2026, OpenAI unveiled GPT-6 Cyber, a model for finding vulnerabilities in software and writing working attacks for them (exploits). The figures on Firefox, Linux and the 95% of tasks completed match OpenAI's data. But note: these are the company's own claims; the model is not available to everyone, only to approved security companies; the 95% comes from a test on three well-known programs in a training environment, and an outside evaluator got a more modest result.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that the new COVID strain PJ.2.1 is very dangerous and is being hidden in Russia and Kazakhstan?
错误结论健康PJ.2.1 exists: it is an Omicron descendant with many mutations, first found in Canada in May 2026. But there is no data that it causes more severe illness, and lab studies did not find strong immune escape. It has not been officially detected in Russia or Kazakhstan. The WHO explains this by the small number of samples tested, not by a cover-up.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that Batumi's landfill by the Chorokhi River will be closed soon?
错误结论社会Closing the old landfill by the Chorokhi has really been decided, but not "soon". It will close only after the new landfill in the village of Tsetskhlauri near Kobuleti starts working. That landfill was built in 2021 and still isn't operating: a waste-sorting plant next to it and a transfer station in Batumi have to be built first. According to the authorities in January 2026, this will take until 2027 at the earliest; in August 2026 there was still no date.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that gasoline is added to sunflower oil?
错误结论健康Gasoline is not added to oil. Some of the oil is extracted from seeds with the solvent hexane, which is then evaporated. In the EU, finished oil may contain no more than 1 mg of hexane per 1 kg. No harm from such traces has been proven, but the European agency is now re-assessing hexane because the old data is outdated.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that you must register biometrics with INSS by November 20 or your payments will be suspended?
虚假金钱There is no November 20 deadline for everyone. Since 21 November 2025, INSS (Brazil's social security agency) has required an ID with biometrics only from people filing a new benefit claim, with exceptions. People already receiving a pension or benefit are not having payments blocked over this. You cannot even register biometrics at an INSS office — they are collected when you get an ID card, driver's license or voter card. Scammers use these scary messages to steal personal data and passwords.
对结论的把握：中等（4 格中的 2 格）Is it true that India will run short of ₹10, ₹20 and ₹50 notes before Diwali?
虚假金钱The Reserve Bank of India (the country's central bank) issued no such circular and called it a forgery using its logo and the Governor's signature. The bank says it holds enough notes of all denominations, including small ones. The government's fact-check unit also called the message fake.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that after the election Brazil is scrapping Bolsa Família, Gás do Povo and the R$5,000 payment for microentrepreneurs?
虚假金钱No benefit has been scrapped or cut. Bolsa Família is being paid as usual, and in October 2026 its minimum actually rose from R$600 to R$691 per family. Gás do Povo free gas keeps running, with money for 2026 and funding included in the 2027 budget bill. The "R$363" figure for microentrepreneurs is not a government decision but one outlet's calculation: the program's whole budget divided by every microentrepreneur in the country, while the plan is to pay R$5,000 each to about a million selected people.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that selling your own stuff and getting money from friends will be taxed?
错误结论金钱Germany has no new tax on selling your own used items: since 2023, platforms only report to the tax office people who made 30 sales or earned €2,000 in a year, and a report is not a tax. In Russia, transfers from friends are not taxed today. A bill could make some gifts from non-relatives taxable, but it has only passed its first reading, and lawyers disagree on whether it covers card transfers at all.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that people are fishing iPhones out of the Strait of Hormuz from a sunken ship?
错误结论网络与通信The event is real: on October 13, 2026, the Singapore-flagged container ship GFS Pride was hit by an unidentified projectile, caught fire and sank on October 14; the crew was rescued. Local fishermen did go out for floating cargo. But the most popular videos of people collecting iPhone boxes in the water and on the beach were made with AI — detection tools and errors in the footage show this. No one has independently confirmed there were iPhones on board; metal traders say the ship was mostly carrying steel scrap.
对结论的把握：中等（4 格中的 2 格）Is it true that pressing "1" on a vaccination call gets your phone blocked and your money stolen?
虚假金钱Pressing a key during a call gives the caller no access to your phone, bank or cards. That would require installing a malicious app or handing over codes and passwords yourself. Police in India checked the number from the very first version of the warning: it does not exist, and nobody received calls from it. The real danger is different: pressing shows that your number is live and may connect you to a scammer who will try to get your details.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that Ebola has reached Europe and lockdowns are coming?
错误结论健康The outbreak is real and very severe: DR Congo has more than 10,600 confirmed cases and about 5,200 deaths. Patients have been brought to Europe: one doctor fell ill after returning to France, and several medics were evacuated for treatment to Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and, on November 5, London. But there has been no transmission inside Europe, and the risk for EU residents is rated very low. No country has locked down its population; the Kenyan "total lockdown", "Nigeria is Ebola-free" and the "first case in Sverdlovsk region" are fabrications.
对结论的把握：非常高（4 格中的 4 格）Was the "nuclear alert" in Ukraine's Air Alert app and Russia's Emergencies Ministry app real?
虚假威胁与紧急情况There was no nuclear, radiation or chemical threat. The messages were real in the sense that they came from official apps, but they were sent by intruders who got access to the panels used to push notifications. The state warning systems (sirens, SMS, radio and TV) in both countries worked normally. Different hacker groups claimed responsibility, and Ukraine's president said Ukraine had "responded" to an attack; no technical proof of who did it is publicly available.
对结论的把握：中等（4 格中的 2 格）Is it true that 40% of fuel is being taken for an “export reserve” and gas station sales will be limited?
错误结论金钱The “orders” about putting 40% of fuel into an “export reserve” are fake: regional authorities did not issue them, and the references inside lead to non-existent or unrelated documents. The background is real, though: in 2026 dozens of regions did limit how much gasoline one person could buy, gasoline exports are banned, and diesel exports are, on the contrary, growing in November. By the end of October most regions lifted the limits, but some still have them. On November 1, after a strike on the refinery in Kstovo, the Nizhny Novgorod region introduced a new 40-liter limit.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that WhatsApp and Telegram are shutting down in Russia on November 1 or 5, 2026?
错误结论网络与通信Neither WhatsApp nor Telegram announced that they would stop working on November 1 or 5. The loud headline retells last year's story about Russian operators not delivering login codes by SMS. The real restrictions are serious, though: calls have been blocked since August 2025, WhatsApp has been blocked since February 2026, Telegram since spring 2026, and without a workaround both work poorly. But this has been going on for months, and the November date has nothing to do with it.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）俄罗斯政府真的会冻结140万或280万卢布以上的存款吗？
虚假金钱没有冻结存款的决定，所谓“央行命令”（针对280万以上存款）是伪造的。140万和280万这两个数字是真的，但它们是存款保险限额：银行被吊销执照时，国家保证赔付这么多。这不是冻结。
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that the Social Fund or the tax service pays compensation for home internet?
虚假金钱The Social Fund and the tax service do not pay compensation for home internet or a computer, and they do not call with such offers. Scammers need the SMS code to log in to your Gosuslugi account, and through it reach your bank or loans. Real internet compensation exists only for remote workers: the employer pays it under the employment contract, with no calls and no codes.
对结论的把握：中等（4 格中的 2 格）Is it true that there is a plague outbreak in Irkutsk and hospitals are under quarantine?
错误结论健康A real event happened: on 2 October 2026 a 28-year-old worker of the Irkutsk Anti-Plague Institute died, and one hospital in Shelekhov was under quarantine for a week. There is no plague outbreak: no new patients were found, and the WHO saw no signs of transmission. But plague has not been fully ruled out either: the official diagnosis is pneumonia of unknown origin, and it cannot be checked independently.
对结论的把握：高（4 格中的 3 格）Is it true that Ukraine will switch off mobile service during air raid alerts under “law No. 395/2026”?
虚假网络与通信There is no law on cutting mobile service during alerts. Number 395/2026 belongs only to a presidential decree appointing a judge and a government resolution on environmental control. There is no “autonomous system” either: all the links lead to one anonymous Telegram channel or to a third-party site. The rumor does have a real root: in 2025 the military and MPs discussed limiting mobile internet in a targeted way along the path of Shahed drones, but no decision was ever made.